The results showed that taping technique was the most effective methods to control calcaneal eversion. A meta-analysis was also conducted to determine the effects of taping, orthotics and motion control shoes on calcaneal eversion during gait in subjects with musculoskeletal conditions potentially related to excessive foot pronation. found that Modified low-Dye (MLD) could make the subtalar joints closer to the neutral position. However, studies showed that arch supports were not efficient in correcting the talus deviation. Neuromuscular training has a long intervention period and takes effect slowly, orthoses are another common treatment for pes planus, such as arch supports and taping techniques. Ergonomic devices, such as kinesio taping, white athletic tape, arch support and motion control footwear are also used to treat pes planus. Ĭurrently, exercise interventions for pes planus focus on neuromuscular training, including arch doming, anterior and posterior tibial motor control training and towel curl exercises. Pes planus is more common in adolescent males than females, and associated with higher BMI index, this condition even continues to adulthood without timely and effective intervention. A previous study found that perimenopausal women with pes planus performed impaired postural balance compared with their counterparts with normal feet. This condition results in pain and impaired lower limb function, such as plantar fasciitis, plantar heel pain, posterior tibial stress syndrome and femoral patellar pain syndrome. Adults with pes planus lack an elastic foot arch to attenuate the impact force. Foot arch plays an important role in cushioning ground impact and stabilising the body when standing and walking. Pes planus is a foot arch deformity, is also known as flexible flat foot or planovalgus and is caused by talonavicular ligament laxity or foot arch intrinsic muscle weakness it is characterised by the navicular bone shifting inwards and downwards from the subtalar joint.
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